Most of the policies and rhetoric of the republican party are derived from the policies of Mussolini. Nationalism, scapegoating, and cultural intolerance are the pillars of fascism.

Homework 1
1. Scholarly journals are academic magazines whose writers are academics and experts in the discipline or field who are always identified. The main purpose of those magazines is the easier communication between academic communities of a specific subject. In those scholars we can find research articles and review articles. Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for scrutiny of new research, and the critique of existing research. Content typically takes the form of articles presenting original research, review articles, and book reviews. Articles in scientific journals can be used in research and higher education. Articles in scholarly journals, particularly research articles, will often be in excess of ten pages. Although there may be articles in scholarly journals that are one to two pages, these tend to be news releases or book reviews, and would not be the type of article you would use in a research essay. Information is always specific to a particular academic discipline or field, and usually requires professional or academic knowledge to be fully understood.
Almost always an academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. The peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge. The publication of the results of research is an essential part of the scientific method. If they are describing experiments or calculations, they must supply enough details that an independent researcher could repeat the experiment or calculation to verify the results. Each such journal article becomes part of the permanent scientific record. Scholars can be expert only in a limited area of their fields; they rely upon peer-reviewed journals to provide reliable, credible research upon which they can build subsequent, related research. The term “academic journal” applies to scholarly publications in all fields.
2. A first difference between a scholarly and a non scholarly journal is that the first one is often incomprehensible to anyone except for researchers in the field and advanced students. On the other hand, a non scholarly journal is accessible to everyone and readers do not need specialized knowledge to read it.
Furthermore, articles in scholarly journals, particularly research articles, will often be in excess of ten pages. Although there may be articles in scholarly journals that are one to two pages, these tend to be news releases or book reviews, and would not be the type of article you would use in a research essay. In the opposite side, articles in common magazines tend to be short and less extended.
One more difference is between the authors of a scholarly and a simple magazine. In scholarly journals, the authors are academics and experts in the field who are always identified, whereas, in common magazines the authors are professional writers (not necessarily experts) and they are not always identified.
In addition, the main purpose in the scholarly journals is to facilitate scholarly communication between members of a particular academic discipline and the public. On the other hand, simple magazines provide general information about fashion, night clubs, gymnastics and entertainment to a broad audience.
Last but not least, whereas, scholarly journals are found in libraries and other academic or scientific settings, other magazines could be found in kiosks or some groceries.
I choose those differences between a scholarly and a non scholarly journal, because they firstly make clear the definition of each one and they emphasize the main characteristics of each category.
3. A recent chemistry periodical I choose to represent is ‘‘Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry’’, volume8/number 23/ 7 December 2010 (we can also find it in http://www.rsc.org/obc). It has 24 issues per year and I choose this magazine because it is indexed in Medline and it is characterized by fast publication, easy submission and manuscript tracking online. This kind of magazine brings together molecular design, synthesis, structure, function and reactivity in one journal. It publishes fundamental work on synthetic, physical and biomolecular aspects of chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, natural product chemistry, macromolecular chemistry, theoretical chemistry and catalysis. It is reliable because it is peer reviewed most of the times. The length of it’s articles is about 2 to 7 pages. It combines all the useful branches of chemistry that we use and it is an interesting part of the life of a scientist, as it contains useful techniques.
5. A recent chemistry research paper I choose is ‘‘Faraday research article. Structural and dynamical aspects of aqueous ionic solutions’’, George W. Neilson, Roger D. Broadbent, Ian Howell and Robert H. Tromp, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1993, 89, 2927-2936. This article is peer-reviewed and I was intrigued of that because these techniques provide insight into the origins of macroscopic properties of aqueous solutions and these structural properties offer critical and substantial tests of computer simulation and theory at the atomic level.
Specifically, the recently developed methods of neutron diffraction and isotopic substitution are shown to reveal structural details at higher than ever resolution, and provide insight into the origins of macroscopic properties of aqueous solutions. The complementary technique of neutron quasielastic scattering is used to determine the ‘scattering law’ for protons in solution. The power of both methods is illustrated by reference to a few examples, some of which relate to experiments only recently undertaken and the results of which will be published in the near future. The fact that these methods can be easily generalised has implications for many aspects of scientific endeavour where the focus of interest is a detailed understanding of the microstructural and dynamical properties of a liquid or amorphous system.
6. An interesting open access chemistry paper is ‘‘Minimal Effects of High-Pressure. Treatment on Salmonella enterica Serovar. Typhimurium Inoculated into Peanut Butter and Peanut Products.’’
In 2008 to 2009, an outbreak involving Salmonella Typhimurium in peanut butter led to a recall of over 3900 products by over 200 companies. More than 700 people became sick, 100 were hospitalized, and 9 people died from this outbreak. This study examines
the efficacy of high-pressure processing to decrease S. Typhimurium American Type Culture Collection. After this outbreak was carried over to different types of peanut butter and studied the effects of microbes in each case. Differences were found between natural peanut butter and peanut protein mixtures. This problem in peanut butter that was more elaborate as they were fed a protein the virus. Having observed this change, tried to isolate the protein and edit it and this way addressed the epidemic.

Dear Dr Kamsiah,

Selamat Hari Raya Haji to you and your family. This has been a great day as I finally met someone (after two and half years of searching) who thinks like me on the issue of Malaysian Orthodontic Association trying to prevent General Dental practitioners from practicing orthodontics.

Dental services to the public have come to such a stage that with more and more specialists, they are starting to claim a piece of the pie which actually belongs to all.

Today orthodontists are claiming only they can treat orthodontic cases, tomorrow oral surgeons may say third molar surgery should only be done by them or worse still extractions are exclusively their area, endodontists will soon claim that root canal treatment is their specialty, periodontists claiming all gum treatment and scaling, pedodontists claiming children treatment can be only done by them and prosthodontists saying dentures, bridges and implants are solely their domain.

What will ultimately happen is inevitable, the general practitioner will not be able to practice orthodontics, peridontics, pedodontics, oral surgery and prosthodontics. What are we going to do next? Just examine patients and do referrals?

This is the beginning of the development of unfair and unethical professional practice of barring capable dental surgeons who have endeavored by studying on their own and seeking courses to upgrade and update themselves ultimately to help their own practices and the public at large. The Minister of Health and Health Ministry must take measures not to marginalize general dental practitioners.

There are hidden agenda’s in these backdoor lobbying and the best way is to open up the discussion and let’s hear what the general dental practitioners have to say about this. We have heard 114 orthodontist’s speak up, it’s about time the 500 plus general dental practitioners practicing orthodontics speak their minds. What will happen to their patients if every general dental practitioner was asked to stop orthodontic treatment? How much will the orthodontic equipment and material suppliers suffer in economic terms?

We have not only heard of lobbying in parliament but also intimidation of suppliers, even blackmail to prevent them from supplying general dental practitioners. The question now we can ask is how unethical are these practices against fellow dentist’s. Whatever reasons the orthodontist’s have we must take into consideration the microeconomic fallout on the general dental practitioner and the macroeconomic effect on the patient and suppliers.

There is plenty available for every general dental practitioner and orthodontist so let’s not argue and bicker on issues, we should find ways to better ourselves, help promote better dental health and bring foreign exchange into our country by providing dental care of high quality by dentists (regardless of their specializations) who observe ethical and moral standards.

Is it competition that makes orthodontists behave like this, well the root of the problem lies somewhere else but the general practitioners are mere scapegoats. Let us ask ourselves why are general dental practitioners having more patients than orthodontists – the answers are in better practice management, better human resource management, better financial management, use of modern technology and latest dental techniques, and the great desire to learn and acquire new knowledge on the part of general dentists. It’s not the cheaper price they charge, as there are general practitioners who charge comparable rates to orthodontists, but why do patients still like the general dental practitioners.

The general practitioner is a one stop center mall like practice, more approachable, who will handle all periodontal, conservatory work, radiography work, extraction work, laboratory requirements and if need be even implants combined with orthodontic treatment essentially multidisciplinary in their treatment and practice.

There will be always one or two general dental practitioners who will exceed and forget their limitations and try complex cases, but dire consequences, not as in life threatening. The best way is to educate the general dental practitioner of his or her limitations and not frighten the public about “dire consequences”.

Like you have said it is not rocket science now that everything is simplified, very little wire bending, sliding mechanics and very little pain. We have to stay away from alarmist attitudes of people with a fear of competition who indulge in aggressive treatment methods exceeding professional limitations, and who cannot find the middle path where there is the bulk of the work, happiness and wealth. Orthodontists who seek to legislate their practice to prevent others who are trained to do orthodontic work are basically insecure and greedy. As Gandhi says, “there is enough for everyone's needs, but not enough for a person's greed”.

The idea to deny general dental practitioners from practicing orthodontics is hitting below the belt. In retrospect, if I were to practice what I had learned I would still be doing silicate cements for anterior teeth, metallic amalgam filling, only plastic dentures and simple extractions. I did not learn esthetic dentistry, no composite veneers and layering technique then, no ceramic veneers too, then how did we learn all these and practice them now. I guess I am lucky that conservatory specialists and prosthodontists are not making a big fuss about what we practice.

The implants that we used to read about were blade vent type but look where are we now. Nowadays many general dental practitioners are getting to be quite good at doing implants; are we going to soon see implantologists stopping general dental practitioners from putting in implants to mouths of their patients? I had learned about lasers but now we can use them to enhance our treatment services.

Developments in dentistry that have taken place in the last few years are just too many and coming at too fast a pace for anyone to learn and master all. If we are to take our services to the next higher platform then, only we can advance ourselves. There are so many ways available, short courses if you are already practicing but have not specialised, read from online journals, read articles on esthetic dentistry, composite veneers, ceramic veneers, implants, botox ,dermal fillers and lasers online. There are also e-books available in all the subjects that interest you, in fact, you don’t have to leave your clinic to learn. The state of the dental knowledge and practice is so advanced compared to 15 years back.

We have regular talks by MDA, suppliers, study groups, privately organized hands on courses and private general practitioners who seek knowledge overseas but all these, unfortunately, are not recognized. Limited places for post graduation locally and internationally with high costs involved and lack of time have forced private general dental practitioners to resort to the short courses.

As professionals, let’s not suppress others but in stead let's find ways to help others to also come up and succeed in their practice as this is good for our people and solve the problem of shortage of dentists in our country. There seems to be many amongst us–the dog in the manger types– who believe they will remain supreme by keeping the art and science of dentistry to themselves. I will help anyone who genuinely seeks my help. I have plenty of journals and continuing education articles (in e-book form) to share with those who are willing to learn.

This is an art and science of making the patient happy and ultimately we derive pleasure out of their joy and happiness. This is the driving force which makes us excel and not by stepping on fellow general practitioners to stay on top. If there are some among the general dental practitioners who make mistakes, then there are laws to manage this. Every general dental practitioner and orthodontist should be liable for what he or she practices.

I believe debate on this issue will reveal the can of worms on both sides of the divide but things are being stirred up again to test the waters needing a unification of all general dental practitioners against unfair practices.

We must not let this be a precedent as it will ultimately curb the profession. The medical side too seems to be having the same problem as the dental side.

The Health Ministry—the DG of Health in particular cannot be siding with the MOA–must ensure the rights of the majority are not denied and general dental practitioners are not driven into a corner after all the years of service to the public because of these unfair trade practices not to mention unfair professional attitudes of the orthodontists in our country. MOA must be a cartel, as you say, to promote trade restrictive policies.

My experience as a Mormon is that they absolutely expect loyalty above all. That alone should tell you that we're dealing with a sociological cult.

I disagreed with my "priesthood leaders" at times on legislation. We would discuss local issues and national politics often in one ward I was in. I voiced dissent on things that I didn't believe should be legislated like restricting R rated movies in the community, restricting same sex marriage. I believe that the path to victory is educating people rather than trying to control them through laws. Boy was I shown the woodshed!

My Bishop asked me point blank if I had personal problems that were keeping me from following the brethren. Translation: look you little **it, you must be sinning if you're not loyal to do what we tell you to do. Yes, it was that weird.

I hung in there for many years trying to figure out Mormonism. It only makes sense once you step outside and realize it's based on a lie.

I love the website you have put together here. Great material for copywork! I thought you might want to add a link to St. Basil's “Address to Young Men on Reading Greek Literature.” You can find a link on a page of articles on my website:

Mashallah , she really is an inspiration for all women , not only Muslim women…
thanks for sharing that….
was very resourceful and insightful…

Online MBA UK with the right click –